International Version: Evidence-Based Strategies
to Improve Representation in Clinical Trials

References:

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  • Collister, D., Song, C., & Ruzycki, S. M. (2025). Fostering diversity in clinical trials: need for evidence and implementation to improve representation. BMJ Medicine. 2024; 3: e000984.


  • Coughlin, C. G., Zoltick, E. S., Stanford, F. C., & Ong, M. S. (2025). Racial and ethnic disparities in clinical trials for pediatric obesity. Obesity, 33(3), 560-566.


  • Daitch, V., Turjeman, A., Poran, I., Tau, N., Ayalon-Dangur, I., Nashashibi, J., ... & Leibovici, L. (2022). Underrepresentation of women in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trials, 23(1), 1038.


  • de Jong, A. J., Zuidgeest, M. G., Santa-Ana-Tellez, Y., Hallgreen, C. E., van Sloten, T. T., de Boer, A., ... & Trials@ Home Consortium. (2025). The impact of operational trial approaches on representativeness: comparison of decentralized clinical trial participants, conventional trial participants, and patients in daily practice. Drug Discovery Today, 30(2), 104304.
 
  • Flores, L. E., Frontera, W. R., Andrasik, M. P., Del Rio, C., Mondríguez-González, A., Price, S. A., ... & Silver, J. K. (2021). Assessment of the inclusion of racial/ethnic minority, female, and older individuals in vaccine clinical trials. JAMA network open, 4(2), e2037640.


  • Murali, M., Gumber, L., Jethwa, H., Ganesh, D., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Sood, H., ... & Khunti, K. (2023). Ethnic minority representation in UK COVID-19 trials: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC medicine, 21(1), 111.


  • Puttick, N. F., Vanderslott, S., & Tanner, R. (2023). Representation of ethnic and racial minority groups in European vaccine trials: a quantitative analysis of clinical trials registries. BMJ Public Health, 1(1).
 
  • Ruzycki, S. M., Lithgow, K. C., Song, C., Taylor, S., Subramanian, A., Li, M., ... & Collister, D. (2025). Participant diversity and inclusive trial design: a meta-epidemiologic study of Canadian randomized clinical trials. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 112098.


  • Tan, Y. Y., Papez, V., Chang, W. H., Mueller, S. H., Denaxas, S., & Lai, A. G. (2022). Comparing clinical trial population representativeness to real-world populations: an external validity analysis encompassing 43 895 trials and 5 685 738 individuals across 989 unique drugs and 286 conditions in England. The lancet Healthy longevity, 3(10), e674-e689.